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lenape
2025-06-27 16:06:02 +00:00
parent 511dd3b36b
commit 6a954eb013
4221 changed files with 2916190 additions and 1 deletions

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"""
Read resources contained within a package.
This codebase is shared between importlib.resources in the stdlib
and importlib_resources in PyPI. See
https://github.com/python/importlib_metadata/wiki/Development-Methodology
for more detail.
"""
from ._common import (
Anchor,
Package,
as_file,
files,
)
from ._functional import (
contents,
is_resource,
open_binary,
open_text,
path,
read_binary,
read_text,
)
from .abc import ResourceReader
__all__ = [
'Package',
'Anchor',
'ResourceReader',
'as_file',
'files',
'contents',
'is_resource',
'open_binary',
'open_text',
'path',
'read_binary',
'read_text',
]

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from contextlib import suppress
from io import TextIOWrapper
from . import abc
class SpecLoaderAdapter:
"""
Adapt a package spec to adapt the underlying loader.
"""
def __init__(self, spec, adapter=lambda spec: spec.loader):
self.spec = spec
self.loader = adapter(spec)
def __getattr__(self, name):
return getattr(self.spec, name)
class TraversableResourcesLoader:
"""
Adapt a loader to provide TraversableResources.
"""
def __init__(self, spec):
self.spec = spec
def get_resource_reader(self, name):
return CompatibilityFiles(self.spec)._native()
def _io_wrapper(file, mode='r', *args, **kwargs):
if mode == 'r':
return TextIOWrapper(file, *args, **kwargs)
elif mode == 'rb':
return file
raise ValueError(f"Invalid mode value '{mode}', only 'r' and 'rb' are supported")
class CompatibilityFiles:
"""
Adapter for an existing or non-existent resource reader
to provide a compatibility .files().
"""
class SpecPath(abc.Traversable):
"""
Path tied to a module spec.
Can be read and exposes the resource reader children.
"""
def __init__(self, spec, reader):
self._spec = spec
self._reader = reader
def iterdir(self):
if not self._reader:
return iter(())
return iter(
CompatibilityFiles.ChildPath(self._reader, path)
for path in self._reader.contents()
)
def is_file(self):
return False
is_dir = is_file
def joinpath(self, other):
if not self._reader:
return CompatibilityFiles.OrphanPath(other)
return CompatibilityFiles.ChildPath(self._reader, other)
@property
def name(self):
return self._spec.name
def open(self, mode='r', *args, **kwargs):
return _io_wrapper(self._reader.open_resource(None), mode, *args, **kwargs)
class ChildPath(abc.Traversable):
"""
Path tied to a resource reader child.
Can be read but doesn't expose any meaningful children.
"""
def __init__(self, reader, name):
self._reader = reader
self._name = name
def iterdir(self):
return iter(())
def is_file(self):
return self._reader.is_resource(self.name)
def is_dir(self):
return not self.is_file()
def joinpath(self, other):
return CompatibilityFiles.OrphanPath(self.name, other)
@property
def name(self):
return self._name
def open(self, mode='r', *args, **kwargs):
return _io_wrapper(
self._reader.open_resource(self.name), mode, *args, **kwargs
)
class OrphanPath(abc.Traversable):
"""
Orphan path, not tied to a module spec or resource reader.
Can't be read and doesn't expose any meaningful children.
"""
def __init__(self, *path_parts):
if len(path_parts) < 1:
raise ValueError('Need at least one path part to construct a path')
self._path = path_parts
def iterdir(self):
return iter(())
def is_file(self):
return False
is_dir = is_file
def joinpath(self, other):
return CompatibilityFiles.OrphanPath(*self._path, other)
@property
def name(self):
return self._path[-1]
def open(self, mode='r', *args, **kwargs):
raise FileNotFoundError("Can't open orphan path")
def __init__(self, spec):
self.spec = spec
@property
def _reader(self):
with suppress(AttributeError):
return self.spec.loader.get_resource_reader(self.spec.name)
def _native(self):
"""
Return the native reader if it supports files().
"""
reader = self._reader
return reader if hasattr(reader, 'files') else self
def __getattr__(self, attr):
return getattr(self._reader, attr)
def files(self):
return CompatibilityFiles.SpecPath(self.spec, self._reader)
def wrap_spec(package):
"""
Construct a package spec with traversable compatibility
on the spec/loader/reader.
"""
return SpecLoaderAdapter(package.__spec__, TraversableResourcesLoader)

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import contextlib
import functools
import importlib
import inspect
import itertools
import os
import pathlib
import tempfile
import types
import warnings
from typing import Optional, Union, cast
from .abc import ResourceReader, Traversable
Package = Union[types.ModuleType, str]
Anchor = Package
def package_to_anchor(func):
"""
Replace 'package' parameter as 'anchor' and warn about the change.
Other errors should fall through.
>>> files('a', 'b')
Traceback (most recent call last):
TypeError: files() takes from 0 to 1 positional arguments but 2 were given
Remove this compatibility in Python 3.14.
"""
undefined = object()
@functools.wraps(func)
def wrapper(anchor=undefined, package=undefined):
if package is not undefined:
if anchor is not undefined:
return func(anchor, package)
warnings.warn(
"First parameter to files is renamed to 'anchor'",
DeprecationWarning,
stacklevel=2,
)
return func(package)
elif anchor is undefined:
return func()
return func(anchor)
return wrapper
@package_to_anchor
def files(anchor: Optional[Anchor] = None) -> Traversable:
"""
Get a Traversable resource for an anchor.
"""
return from_package(resolve(anchor))
def get_resource_reader(package: types.ModuleType) -> Optional[ResourceReader]:
"""
Return the package's loader if it's a ResourceReader.
"""
# We can't use
# a issubclass() check here because apparently abc.'s __subclasscheck__()
# hook wants to create a weak reference to the object, but
# zipimport.zipimporter does not support weak references, resulting in a
# TypeError. That seems terrible.
spec = package.__spec__
reader = getattr(spec.loader, 'get_resource_reader', None) # type: ignore[union-attr]
if reader is None:
return None
return reader(spec.name) # type: ignore[union-attr]
@functools.singledispatch
def resolve(cand: Optional[Anchor]) -> types.ModuleType:
return cast(types.ModuleType, cand)
@resolve.register
def _(cand: str) -> types.ModuleType:
return importlib.import_module(cand)
@resolve.register
def _(cand: None) -> types.ModuleType:
return resolve(_infer_caller().f_globals['__name__'])
def _infer_caller():
"""
Walk the stack and find the frame of the first caller not in this module.
"""
def is_this_file(frame_info):
return frame_info.filename == stack[0].filename
def is_wrapper(frame_info):
return frame_info.function == 'wrapper'
stack = inspect.stack()
not_this_file = itertools.filterfalse(is_this_file, stack)
# also exclude 'wrapper' due to singledispatch in the call stack
callers = itertools.filterfalse(is_wrapper, not_this_file)
return next(callers).frame
def from_package(package: types.ModuleType):
"""
Return a Traversable object for the given package.
"""
# deferred for performance (python/cpython#109829)
from .future.adapters import wrap_spec
spec = wrap_spec(package)
reader = spec.loader.get_resource_reader(spec.name)
return reader.files()
@contextlib.contextmanager
def _tempfile(
reader,
suffix='',
# gh-93353: Keep a reference to call os.remove() in late Python
# finalization.
*,
_os_remove=os.remove,
):
# Not using tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile as it leads to deeper 'try'
# blocks due to the need to close the temporary file to work on Windows
# properly.
fd, raw_path = tempfile.mkstemp(suffix=suffix)
try:
try:
os.write(fd, reader())
finally:
os.close(fd)
del reader
yield pathlib.Path(raw_path)
finally:
try:
_os_remove(raw_path)
except FileNotFoundError:
pass
def _temp_file(path):
return _tempfile(path.read_bytes, suffix=path.name)
def _is_present_dir(path: Traversable) -> bool:
"""
Some Traversables implement ``is_dir()`` to raise an
exception (i.e. ``FileNotFoundError``) when the
directory doesn't exist. This function wraps that call
to always return a boolean and only return True
if there's a dir and it exists.
"""
with contextlib.suppress(FileNotFoundError):
return path.is_dir()
return False
@functools.singledispatch
def as_file(path):
"""
Given a Traversable object, return that object as a
path on the local file system in a context manager.
"""
return _temp_dir(path) if _is_present_dir(path) else _temp_file(path)
@as_file.register(pathlib.Path)
@contextlib.contextmanager
def _(path):
"""
Degenerate behavior for pathlib.Path objects.
"""
yield path
@contextlib.contextmanager
def _temp_path(dir: tempfile.TemporaryDirectory):
"""
Wrap tempfile.TemporaryDirectory to return a pathlib object.
"""
with dir as result:
yield pathlib.Path(result)
@contextlib.contextmanager
def _temp_dir(path):
"""
Given a traversable dir, recursively replicate the whole tree
to the file system in a context manager.
"""
assert path.is_dir()
with _temp_path(tempfile.TemporaryDirectory()) as temp_dir:
yield _write_contents(temp_dir, path)
def _write_contents(target, source):
child = target.joinpath(source.name)
if source.is_dir():
child.mkdir()
for item in source.iterdir():
_write_contents(child, item)
else:
child.write_bytes(source.read_bytes())
return child

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"""Simplified function-based API for importlib.resources"""
import warnings
from ._common import as_file, files
from .abc import TraversalError
_MISSING = object()
def open_binary(anchor, *path_names):
"""Open for binary reading the *resource* within *package*."""
return _get_resource(anchor, path_names).open('rb')
def open_text(anchor, *path_names, encoding=_MISSING, errors='strict'):
"""Open for text reading the *resource* within *package*."""
encoding = _get_encoding_arg(path_names, encoding)
resource = _get_resource(anchor, path_names)
return resource.open('r', encoding=encoding, errors=errors)
def read_binary(anchor, *path_names):
"""Read and return contents of *resource* within *package* as bytes."""
return _get_resource(anchor, path_names).read_bytes()
def read_text(anchor, *path_names, encoding=_MISSING, errors='strict'):
"""Read and return contents of *resource* within *package* as str."""
encoding = _get_encoding_arg(path_names, encoding)
resource = _get_resource(anchor, path_names)
return resource.read_text(encoding=encoding, errors=errors)
def path(anchor, *path_names):
"""Return the path to the *resource* as an actual file system path."""
return as_file(_get_resource(anchor, path_names))
def is_resource(anchor, *path_names):
"""Return ``True`` if there is a resource named *name* in the package,
Otherwise returns ``False``.
"""
try:
return _get_resource(anchor, path_names).is_file()
except TraversalError:
return False
def contents(anchor, *path_names):
"""Return an iterable over the named resources within the package.
The iterable returns :class:`str` resources (e.g. files).
The iterable does not recurse into subdirectories.
"""
warnings.warn(
"importlib.resources.contents is deprecated. "
"Use files(anchor).iterdir() instead.",
DeprecationWarning,
stacklevel=1,
)
return (resource.name for resource in _get_resource(anchor, path_names).iterdir())
def _get_encoding_arg(path_names, encoding):
# For compatibility with versions where *encoding* was a positional
# argument, it needs to be given explicitly when there are multiple
# *path_names*.
# This limitation can be removed in Python 3.15.
if encoding is _MISSING:
if len(path_names) > 1:
raise TypeError(
"'encoding' argument required with multiple path names",
)
else:
return 'utf-8'
return encoding
def _get_resource(anchor, path_names):
if anchor is None:
raise TypeError("anchor must be module or string, got None")
return files(anchor).joinpath(*path_names)

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# from more_itertools 9.0
def only(iterable, default=None, too_long=None):
"""If *iterable* has only one item, return it.
If it has zero items, return *default*.
If it has more than one item, raise the exception given by *too_long*,
which is ``ValueError`` by default.
>>> only([], default='missing')
'missing'
>>> only([1])
1
>>> only([1, 2]) # doctest: +IGNORE_EXCEPTION_DETAIL
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValueError: Expected exactly one item in iterable, but got 1, 2,
and perhaps more.'
>>> only([1, 2], too_long=TypeError) # doctest: +IGNORE_EXCEPTION_DETAIL
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
TypeError
Note that :func:`only` attempts to advance *iterable* twice to ensure there
is only one item. See :func:`spy` or :func:`peekable` to check
iterable contents less destructively.
"""
it = iter(iterable)
first_value = next(it, default)
try:
second_value = next(it)
except StopIteration:
pass
else:
msg = (
'Expected exactly one item in iterable, but got {!r}, {!r}, '
'and perhaps more.'.format(first_value, second_value)
)
raise too_long or ValueError(msg)
return first_value

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import abc
import itertools
import os
import pathlib
from typing import (
Any,
BinaryIO,
Iterable,
Iterator,
NoReturn,
Literal,
Optional,
Protocol,
Text,
TextIO,
Union,
overload,
runtime_checkable,
)
StrPath = Union[str, os.PathLike[str]]
__all__ = ["ResourceReader", "Traversable", "TraversableResources"]
class ResourceReader(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
"""Abstract base class for loaders to provide resource reading support."""
@abc.abstractmethod
def open_resource(self, resource: Text) -> BinaryIO:
"""Return an opened, file-like object for binary reading.
The 'resource' argument is expected to represent only a file name.
If the resource cannot be found, FileNotFoundError is raised.
"""
# This deliberately raises FileNotFoundError instead of
# NotImplementedError so that if this method is accidentally called,
# it'll still do the right thing.
raise FileNotFoundError
@abc.abstractmethod
def resource_path(self, resource: Text) -> Text:
"""Return the file system path to the specified resource.
The 'resource' argument is expected to represent only a file name.
If the resource does not exist on the file system, raise
FileNotFoundError.
"""
# This deliberately raises FileNotFoundError instead of
# NotImplementedError so that if this method is accidentally called,
# it'll still do the right thing.
raise FileNotFoundError
@abc.abstractmethod
def is_resource(self, path: Text) -> bool:
"""Return True if the named 'path' is a resource.
Files are resources, directories are not.
"""
raise FileNotFoundError
@abc.abstractmethod
def contents(self) -> Iterable[str]:
"""Return an iterable of entries in `package`."""
raise FileNotFoundError
class TraversalError(Exception):
pass
@runtime_checkable
class Traversable(Protocol):
"""
An object with a subset of pathlib.Path methods suitable for
traversing directories and opening files.
Any exceptions that occur when accessing the backing resource
may propagate unaltered.
"""
@abc.abstractmethod
def iterdir(self) -> Iterator["Traversable"]:
"""
Yield Traversable objects in self
"""
def read_bytes(self) -> bytes:
"""
Read contents of self as bytes
"""
with self.open('rb') as strm:
return strm.read()
def read_text(
self, encoding: Optional[str] = None, errors: Optional[str] = None
) -> str:
"""
Read contents of self as text
"""
with self.open(encoding=encoding, errors=errors) as strm:
return strm.read()
@abc.abstractmethod
def is_dir(self) -> bool:
"""
Return True if self is a directory
"""
@abc.abstractmethod
def is_file(self) -> bool:
"""
Return True if self is a file
"""
def joinpath(self, *descendants: StrPath) -> "Traversable":
"""
Return Traversable resolved with any descendants applied.
Each descendant should be a path segment relative to self
and each may contain multiple levels separated by
``posixpath.sep`` (``/``).
"""
if not descendants:
return self
names = itertools.chain.from_iterable(
path.parts for path in map(pathlib.PurePosixPath, descendants)
)
target = next(names)
matches = (
traversable for traversable in self.iterdir() if traversable.name == target
)
try:
match = next(matches)
except StopIteration:
raise TraversalError(
"Target not found during traversal.", target, list(names)
)
return match.joinpath(*names)
def __truediv__(self, child: StrPath) -> "Traversable":
"""
Return Traversable child in self
"""
return self.joinpath(child)
@overload
def open(self, mode: Literal['r'] = 'r', *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> TextIO: ...
@overload
def open(self, mode: Literal['rb'], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> BinaryIO: ...
@abc.abstractmethod
def open(
self, mode: str = 'r', *args: Any, **kwargs: Any
) -> Union[TextIO, BinaryIO]:
"""
mode may be 'r' or 'rb' to open as text or binary. Return a handle
suitable for reading (same as pathlib.Path.open).
When opening as text, accepts encoding parameters such as those
accepted by io.TextIOWrapper.
"""
@property
@abc.abstractmethod
def name(self) -> str:
"""
The base name of this object without any parent references.
"""
class TraversableResources(ResourceReader):
"""
The required interface for providing traversable
resources.
"""
@abc.abstractmethod
def files(self) -> "Traversable":
"""Return a Traversable object for the loaded package."""
def open_resource(self, resource: StrPath) -> BinaryIO:
return self.files().joinpath(resource).open('rb')
def resource_path(self, resource: Any) -> NoReturn:
raise FileNotFoundError(resource)
def is_resource(self, path: StrPath) -> bool:
return self.files().joinpath(path).is_file()
def contents(self) -> Iterator[str]:
return (item.name for item in self.files().iterdir())

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import sys
__all__ = ['ZipPath']
if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
from zipfile import Path as ZipPath
else:
from zipp import Path as ZipPath

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import functools
import pathlib
from contextlib import suppress
from types import SimpleNamespace
from .. import _adapters, readers
def _block_standard(reader_getter):
"""
Wrap _adapters.TraversableResourcesLoader.get_resource_reader
and intercept any standard library readers.
"""
@functools.wraps(reader_getter)
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
"""
If the reader is from the standard library, return None to allow
allow likely newer implementations in this library to take precedence.
"""
try:
reader = reader_getter(*args, **kwargs)
except NotADirectoryError:
# MultiplexedPath may fail on zip subdirectory
return
except ValueError as exc:
# NamespaceReader in stdlib may fail for editable installs
# (python/importlib_resources#311, python/importlib_resources#318)
# Remove after bugfix applied to Python 3.13.
if "not enough values to unpack" not in str(exc):
raise
return
# Python 3.10+
mod_name = reader.__class__.__module__
if mod_name.startswith('importlib.') and mod_name.endswith('readers'):
return
# Python 3.8, 3.9
if isinstance(reader, _adapters.CompatibilityFiles) and (
reader.spec.loader.__class__.__module__.startswith('zipimport')
or reader.spec.loader.__class__.__module__.startswith(
'_frozen_importlib_external'
)
):
return
return reader
return wrapper
def _skip_degenerate(reader):
"""
Mask any degenerate reader. Ref #298.
"""
is_degenerate = (
isinstance(reader, _adapters.CompatibilityFiles) and not reader._reader
)
return reader if not is_degenerate else None
class TraversableResourcesLoader(_adapters.TraversableResourcesLoader):
"""
Adapt loaders to provide TraversableResources and other
compatibility.
Ensures the readers from importlib_resources are preferred
over stdlib readers.
"""
def get_resource_reader(self, name):
return (
_skip_degenerate(_block_standard(super().get_resource_reader)(name))
or self._standard_reader()
or super().get_resource_reader(name)
)
def _standard_reader(self):
return self._zip_reader() or self._namespace_reader() or self._file_reader()
def _zip_reader(self):
with suppress(AttributeError):
return readers.ZipReader(self.spec.loader, self.spec.name)
def _namespace_reader(self):
with suppress(AttributeError, ValueError):
return readers.NamespaceReader(self.spec.submodule_search_locations)
def _file_reader(self):
try:
path = pathlib.Path(self.spec.origin)
except TypeError:
return None
if path.exists():
return readers.FileReader(SimpleNamespace(path=path))
def wrap_spec(package):
"""
Override _adapters.wrap_spec to use TraversableResourcesLoader
from above. Ensures that future behavior is always available on older
Pythons.
"""
return _adapters.SpecLoaderAdapter(package.__spec__, TraversableResourcesLoader)

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from __future__ import annotations
import collections
import contextlib
import itertools
import operator
import pathlib
import re
import warnings
from collections.abc import Iterator
from . import abc
from ._itertools import only
from .compat.py39 import ZipPath
def remove_duplicates(items):
return iter(collections.OrderedDict.fromkeys(items))
class FileReader(abc.TraversableResources):
def __init__(self, loader):
self.path = pathlib.Path(loader.path).parent
def resource_path(self, resource):
"""
Return the file system path to prevent
`resources.path()` from creating a temporary
copy.
"""
return str(self.path.joinpath(resource))
def files(self):
return self.path
class ZipReader(abc.TraversableResources):
def __init__(self, loader, module):
self.prefix = loader.prefix.replace('\\', '/')
if loader.is_package(module):
_, _, name = module.rpartition('.')
self.prefix += name + '/'
self.archive = loader.archive
def open_resource(self, resource):
try:
return super().open_resource(resource)
except KeyError as exc:
raise FileNotFoundError(exc.args[0])
def is_resource(self, path):
"""
Workaround for `zipfile.Path.is_file` returning true
for non-existent paths.
"""
target = self.files().joinpath(path)
return target.is_file() and target.exists()
def files(self):
return ZipPath(self.archive, self.prefix)
class MultiplexedPath(abc.Traversable):
"""
Given a series of Traversable objects, implement a merged
version of the interface across all objects. Useful for
namespace packages which may be multihomed at a single
name.
"""
def __init__(self, *paths):
self._paths = list(map(_ensure_traversable, remove_duplicates(paths)))
if not self._paths:
message = 'MultiplexedPath must contain at least one path'
raise FileNotFoundError(message)
if not all(path.is_dir() for path in self._paths):
raise NotADirectoryError('MultiplexedPath only supports directories')
def iterdir(self):
children = (child for path in self._paths for child in path.iterdir())
by_name = operator.attrgetter('name')
groups = itertools.groupby(sorted(children, key=by_name), key=by_name)
return map(self._follow, (locs for name, locs in groups))
def read_bytes(self):
raise FileNotFoundError(f'{self} is not a file')
def read_text(self, *args, **kwargs):
raise FileNotFoundError(f'{self} is not a file')
def is_dir(self):
return True
def is_file(self):
return False
def joinpath(self, *descendants):
try:
return super().joinpath(*descendants)
except abc.TraversalError:
# One of the paths did not resolve (a directory does not exist).
# Just return something that will not exist.
return self._paths[0].joinpath(*descendants)
@classmethod
def _follow(cls, children):
"""
Construct a MultiplexedPath if needed.
If children contains a sole element, return it.
Otherwise, return a MultiplexedPath of the items.
Unless one of the items is not a Directory, then return the first.
"""
subdirs, one_dir, one_file = itertools.tee(children, 3)
try:
return only(one_dir)
except ValueError:
try:
return cls(*subdirs)
except NotADirectoryError:
return next(one_file)
def open(self, *args, **kwargs):
raise FileNotFoundError(f'{self} is not a file')
@property
def name(self):
return self._paths[0].name
def __repr__(self):
paths = ', '.join(f"'{path}'" for path in self._paths)
return f'MultiplexedPath({paths})'
class NamespaceReader(abc.TraversableResources):
def __init__(self, namespace_path):
if 'NamespacePath' not in str(namespace_path):
raise ValueError('Invalid path')
self.path = MultiplexedPath(*filter(bool, map(self._resolve, namespace_path)))
@classmethod
def _resolve(cls, path_str) -> abc.Traversable | None:
r"""
Given an item from a namespace path, resolve it to a Traversable.
path_str might be a directory on the filesystem or a path to a
zipfile plus the path within the zipfile, e.g. ``/foo/bar`` or
``/foo/baz.zip/inner_dir`` or ``foo\baz.zip\inner_dir\sub``.
path_str might also be a sentinel used by editable packages to
trigger other behaviors (see python/importlib_resources#311).
In that case, return None.
"""
dirs = (cand for cand in cls._candidate_paths(path_str) if cand.is_dir())
return next(dirs, None)
@classmethod
def _candidate_paths(cls, path_str: str) -> Iterator[abc.Traversable]:
yield pathlib.Path(path_str)
yield from cls._resolve_zip_path(path_str)
@staticmethod
def _resolve_zip_path(path_str: str):
for match in reversed(list(re.finditer(r'[\\/]', path_str))):
with contextlib.suppress(
FileNotFoundError,
IsADirectoryError,
NotADirectoryError,
PermissionError,
):
inner = path_str[match.end() :].replace('\\', '/') + '/'
yield ZipPath(path_str[: match.start()], inner.lstrip('/'))
def resource_path(self, resource):
"""
Return the file system path to prevent
`resources.path()` from creating a temporary
copy.
"""
return str(self.path.joinpath(resource))
def files(self):
return self.path
def _ensure_traversable(path):
"""
Convert deprecated string arguments to traversables (pathlib.Path).
Remove with Python 3.15.
"""
if not isinstance(path, str):
return path
warnings.warn(
"String arguments are deprecated. Pass a Traversable instead.",
DeprecationWarning,
stacklevel=3,
)
return pathlib.Path(path)

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@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
"""
Interface adapters for low-level readers.
"""
import abc
import io
import itertools
from typing import BinaryIO, List
from .abc import Traversable, TraversableResources
class SimpleReader(abc.ABC):
"""
The minimum, low-level interface required from a resource
provider.
"""
@property
@abc.abstractmethod
def package(self) -> str:
"""
The name of the package for which this reader loads resources.
"""
@abc.abstractmethod
def children(self) -> List['SimpleReader']:
"""
Obtain an iterable of SimpleReader for available
child containers (e.g. directories).
"""
@abc.abstractmethod
def resources(self) -> List[str]:
"""
Obtain available named resources for this virtual package.
"""
@abc.abstractmethod
def open_binary(self, resource: str) -> BinaryIO:
"""
Obtain a File-like for a named resource.
"""
@property
def name(self):
return self.package.split('.')[-1]
class ResourceContainer(Traversable):
"""
Traversable container for a package's resources via its reader.
"""
def __init__(self, reader: SimpleReader):
self.reader = reader
def is_dir(self):
return True
def is_file(self):
return False
def iterdir(self):
files = (ResourceHandle(self, name) for name in self.reader.resources)
dirs = map(ResourceContainer, self.reader.children())
return itertools.chain(files, dirs)
def open(self, *args, **kwargs):
raise IsADirectoryError()
class ResourceHandle(Traversable):
"""
Handle to a named resource in a ResourceReader.
"""
def __init__(self, parent: ResourceContainer, name: str):
self.parent = parent
self.name = name # type: ignore[misc]
def is_file(self):
return True
def is_dir(self):
return False
def open(self, mode='r', *args, **kwargs):
stream = self.parent.reader.open_binary(self.name)
if 'b' not in mode:
stream = io.TextIOWrapper(stream, *args, **kwargs)
return stream
def joinpath(self, name):
raise RuntimeError("Cannot traverse into a resource")
class TraversableReader(TraversableResources, SimpleReader):
"""
A TraversableResources based on SimpleReader. Resource providers
may derive from this class to provide the TraversableResources
interface by supplying the SimpleReader interface.
"""
def files(self):
return ResourceContainer(self)

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import functools
import pathlib
from typing import Dict, Protocol, Union, runtime_checkable
####
# from jaraco.path 3.7.1
class Symlink(str):
"""
A string indicating the target of a symlink.
"""
FilesSpec = Dict[str, Union[str, bytes, Symlink, 'FilesSpec']]
@runtime_checkable
class TreeMaker(Protocol):
def __truediv__(self, *args, **kwargs): ... # pragma: no cover
def mkdir(self, **kwargs): ... # pragma: no cover
def write_text(self, content, **kwargs): ... # pragma: no cover
def write_bytes(self, content): ... # pragma: no cover
def symlink_to(self, target): ... # pragma: no cover
def _ensure_tree_maker(obj: Union[str, TreeMaker]) -> TreeMaker:
return obj if isinstance(obj, TreeMaker) else pathlib.Path(obj) # type: ignore[return-value]
def build(
spec: FilesSpec,
prefix: Union[str, TreeMaker] = pathlib.Path(), # type: ignore[assignment]
):
"""
Build a set of files/directories, as described by the spec.
Each key represents a pathname, and the value represents
the content. Content may be a nested directory.
>>> spec = {
... 'README.txt': "A README file",
... "foo": {
... "__init__.py": "",
... "bar": {
... "__init__.py": "",
... },
... "baz.py": "# Some code",
... "bar.py": Symlink("baz.py"),
... },
... "bing": Symlink("foo"),
... }
>>> target = getfixture('tmp_path')
>>> build(spec, target)
>>> target.joinpath('foo/baz.py').read_text(encoding='utf-8')
'# Some code'
>>> target.joinpath('bing/bar.py').read_text(encoding='utf-8')
'# Some code'
"""
for name, contents in spec.items():
create(contents, _ensure_tree_maker(prefix) / name)
@functools.singledispatch
def create(content: Union[str, bytes, FilesSpec], path):
path.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
build(content, prefix=path) # type: ignore[arg-type]
@create.register
def _(content: bytes, path):
path.write_bytes(content)
@create.register
def _(content: str, path):
path.write_text(content, encoding='utf-8')
@create.register
def _(content: Symlink, path):
path.symlink_to(content)
# end from jaraco.path
####

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import contextlib
from .py39 import import_helper
@contextlib.contextmanager
def isolated_modules():
"""
Save modules on entry and cleanup on exit.
"""
(saved,) = import_helper.modules_setup()
try:
yield
finally:
import_helper.modules_cleanup(saved)
vars(import_helper).setdefault('isolated_modules', isolated_modules)

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"""
Backward-compatability shims to support Python 3.9 and earlier.
"""
from jaraco.test.cpython import from_test_support, try_import
import_helper = try_import('import_helper') or from_test_support(
'modules_setup', 'modules_cleanup', 'DirsOnSysPath'
)
os_helper = try_import('os_helper') or from_test_support('temp_dir')
warnings_helper = try_import('warnings_helper') or from_test_support(
'ignore_warnings', 'check_warnings'
)

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import io
import unittest
import importlib_resources as resources
from importlib_resources._adapters import (
CompatibilityFiles,
wrap_spec,
)
from . import util
class CompatibilityFilesTests(unittest.TestCase):
@property
def package(self):
bytes_data = io.BytesIO(b'Hello, world!')
return util.create_package(
file=bytes_data,
path='some_path',
contents=('a', 'b', 'c'),
)
@property
def files(self):
return resources.files(self.package)
def test_spec_path_iter(self):
self.assertEqual(
sorted(path.name for path in self.files.iterdir()),
['a', 'b', 'c'],
)
def test_child_path_iter(self):
self.assertEqual(list((self.files / 'a').iterdir()), [])
def test_orphan_path_iter(self):
self.assertEqual(list((self.files / 'a' / 'a').iterdir()), [])
self.assertEqual(list((self.files / 'a' / 'a' / 'a').iterdir()), [])
def test_spec_path_is(self):
self.assertFalse(self.files.is_file())
self.assertFalse(self.files.is_dir())
def test_child_path_is(self):
self.assertTrue((self.files / 'a').is_file())
self.assertFalse((self.files / 'a').is_dir())
def test_orphan_path_is(self):
self.assertFalse((self.files / 'a' / 'a').is_file())
self.assertFalse((self.files / 'a' / 'a').is_dir())
self.assertFalse((self.files / 'a' / 'a' / 'a').is_file())
self.assertFalse((self.files / 'a' / 'a' / 'a').is_dir())
def test_spec_path_name(self):
self.assertEqual(self.files.name, 'testingpackage')
def test_child_path_name(self):
self.assertEqual((self.files / 'a').name, 'a')
def test_orphan_path_name(self):
self.assertEqual((self.files / 'a' / 'b').name, 'b')
self.assertEqual((self.files / 'a' / 'b' / 'c').name, 'c')
def test_spec_path_open(self):
self.assertEqual(self.files.read_bytes(), b'Hello, world!')
self.assertEqual(self.files.read_text(encoding='utf-8'), 'Hello, world!')
def test_child_path_open(self):
self.assertEqual((self.files / 'a').read_bytes(), b'Hello, world!')
self.assertEqual(
(self.files / 'a').read_text(encoding='utf-8'), 'Hello, world!'
)
def test_orphan_path_open(self):
with self.assertRaises(FileNotFoundError):
(self.files / 'a' / 'b').read_bytes()
with self.assertRaises(FileNotFoundError):
(self.files / 'a' / 'b' / 'c').read_bytes()
def test_open_invalid_mode(self):
with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
self.files.open('0')
def test_orphan_path_invalid(self):
with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
CompatibilityFiles.OrphanPath()
def test_wrap_spec(self):
spec = wrap_spec(self.package)
self.assertIsInstance(spec.loader.get_resource_reader(None), CompatibilityFiles)
class CompatibilityFilesNoReaderTests(unittest.TestCase):
@property
def package(self):
return util.create_package_from_loader(None)
@property
def files(self):
return resources.files(self.package)
def test_spec_path_joinpath(self):
self.assertIsInstance(self.files / 'a', CompatibilityFiles.OrphanPath)

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import unittest
import importlib_resources as resources
from . import util
class ContentsTests:
expected = {
'__init__.py',
'binary.file',
'subdirectory',
'utf-16.file',
'utf-8.file',
}
def test_contents(self):
contents = {path.name for path in resources.files(self.data).iterdir()}
assert self.expected <= contents
class ContentsDiskTests(ContentsTests, util.DiskSetup, unittest.TestCase):
pass
class ContentsZipTests(ContentsTests, util.ZipSetup, unittest.TestCase):
pass
class ContentsNamespaceTests(ContentsTests, util.DiskSetup, unittest.TestCase):
MODULE = 'namespacedata01'
expected = {
# no __init__ because of namespace design
'binary.file',
'subdirectory',
'utf-16.file',
'utf-8.file',
}

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import contextlib
import pathlib
import unittest
import importlib_resources as resources
from .. import abc
from ..abc import ResourceReader, TraversableResources
from . import util
from .compat.py39 import os_helper
class SimpleLoader:
"""
A simple loader that only implements a resource reader.
"""
def __init__(self, reader: ResourceReader):
self.reader = reader
def get_resource_reader(self, package):
return self.reader
class MagicResources(TraversableResources):
"""
Magically returns the resources at path.
"""
def __init__(self, path: pathlib.Path):
self.path = path
def files(self):
return self.path
class CustomTraversableResourcesTests(unittest.TestCase):
def setUp(self):
self.fixtures = contextlib.ExitStack()
self.addCleanup(self.fixtures.close)
def test_custom_loader(self):
temp_dir = pathlib.Path(self.fixtures.enter_context(os_helper.temp_dir()))
loader = SimpleLoader(MagicResources(temp_dir))
pkg = util.create_package_from_loader(loader)
files = resources.files(pkg)
assert isinstance(files, abc.Traversable)
assert list(files.iterdir()) == []

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import contextlib
import importlib
import pathlib
import py_compile
import textwrap
import unittest
import warnings
import importlib_resources as resources
from ..abc import Traversable
from . import util
from .compat.py39 import import_helper, os_helper
@contextlib.contextmanager
def suppress_known_deprecation():
with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as ctx:
warnings.simplefilter('default', category=DeprecationWarning)
yield ctx
class FilesTests:
def test_read_bytes(self):
files = resources.files(self.data)
actual = files.joinpath('utf-8.file').read_bytes()
assert actual == b'Hello, UTF-8 world!\n'
def test_read_text(self):
files = resources.files(self.data)
actual = files.joinpath('utf-8.file').read_text(encoding='utf-8')
assert actual == 'Hello, UTF-8 world!\n'
def test_traversable(self):
assert isinstance(resources.files(self.data), Traversable)
def test_joinpath_with_multiple_args(self):
files = resources.files(self.data)
binfile = files.joinpath('subdirectory', 'binary.file')
self.assertTrue(binfile.is_file())
def test_old_parameter(self):
"""
Files used to take a 'package' parameter. Make sure anyone
passing by name is still supported.
"""
with suppress_known_deprecation():
resources.files(package=self.data)
class OpenDiskTests(FilesTests, util.DiskSetup, unittest.TestCase):
pass
class OpenZipTests(FilesTests, util.ZipSetup, unittest.TestCase):
pass
class OpenNamespaceTests(FilesTests, util.DiskSetup, unittest.TestCase):
MODULE = 'namespacedata01'
def test_non_paths_in_dunder_path(self):
"""
Non-path items in a namespace package's ``__path__`` are ignored.
As reported in python/importlib_resources#311, some tools
like Setuptools, when creating editable packages, will inject
non-paths into a namespace package's ``__path__``, a
sentinel like
``__editable__.sample_namespace-1.0.finder.__path_hook__``
to cause the ``PathEntryFinder`` to be called when searching
for packages. In that case, resources should still be loadable.
"""
import namespacedata01 # type: ignore[import-not-found]
namespacedata01.__path__.append(
'__editable__.sample_namespace-1.0.finder.__path_hook__'
)
resources.files(namespacedata01)
class OpenNamespaceZipTests(FilesTests, util.ZipSetup, unittest.TestCase):
ZIP_MODULE = 'namespacedata01'
class DirectSpec:
"""
Override behavior of ModuleSetup to write a full spec directly.
"""
MODULE = 'unused'
def load_fixture(self, name):
self.tree_on_path(self.spec)
class ModulesFiles:
spec = {
'mod.py': '',
'res.txt': 'resources are the best',
}
def test_module_resources(self):
"""
A module can have resources found adjacent to the module.
"""
import mod # type: ignore[import-not-found]
actual = resources.files(mod).joinpath('res.txt').read_text(encoding='utf-8')
assert actual == self.spec['res.txt']
class ModuleFilesDiskTests(DirectSpec, util.DiskSetup, ModulesFiles, unittest.TestCase):
pass
class ModuleFilesZipTests(DirectSpec, util.ZipSetup, ModulesFiles, unittest.TestCase):
pass
class ImplicitContextFiles:
set_val = textwrap.dedent(
f"""
import {resources.__name__} as res
val = res.files().joinpath('res.txt').read_text(encoding='utf-8')
"""
)
spec = {
'somepkg': {
'__init__.py': set_val,
'submod.py': set_val,
'res.txt': 'resources are the best',
},
'frozenpkg': {
'__init__.py': set_val.replace(resources.__name__, 'c_resources'),
'res.txt': 'resources are the best',
},
}
def test_implicit_files_package(self):
"""
Without any parameter, files() will infer the location as the caller.
"""
assert importlib.import_module('somepkg').val == 'resources are the best'
def test_implicit_files_submodule(self):
"""
Without any parameter, files() will infer the location as the caller.
"""
assert importlib.import_module('somepkg.submod').val == 'resources are the best'
def _compile_importlib(self):
"""
Make a compiled-only copy of the importlib resources package.
Currently only code is copied, as importlib resources doesn't itself
have any resources.
"""
bin_site = self.fixtures.enter_context(os_helper.temp_dir())
c_resources = pathlib.Path(bin_site, 'c_resources')
sources = pathlib.Path(resources.__file__).parent
for source_path in sources.glob('**/*.py'):
c_path = c_resources.joinpath(source_path.relative_to(sources)).with_suffix(
'.pyc'
)
py_compile.compile(source_path, c_path)
self.fixtures.enter_context(import_helper.DirsOnSysPath(bin_site))
def test_implicit_files_with_compiled_importlib(self):
"""
Caller detection works for compiled-only resources module.
python/cpython#123085
"""
self._compile_importlib()
assert importlib.import_module('frozenpkg').val == 'resources are the best'
class ImplicitContextFilesDiskTests(
DirectSpec, util.DiskSetup, ImplicitContextFiles, unittest.TestCase
):
pass
class ImplicitContextFilesZipTests(
DirectSpec, util.ZipSetup, ImplicitContextFiles, unittest.TestCase
):
pass
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()

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@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
import importlib
import os
import unittest
import importlib_resources as resources
from . import util
from .compat.py39 import warnings_helper
class StringAnchorMixin:
anchor01 = 'data01'
anchor02 = 'data02'
class ModuleAnchorMixin:
@property
def anchor01(self):
return importlib.import_module('data01')
@property
def anchor02(self):
return importlib.import_module('data02')
class FunctionalAPIBase:
def setUp(self):
super().setUp()
self.load_fixture('data02')
def _gen_resourcetxt_path_parts(self):
"""Yield various names of a text file in anchor02, each in a subTest"""
for path_parts in (
('subdirectory', 'subsubdir', 'resource.txt'),
('subdirectory/subsubdir/resource.txt',),
('subdirectory/subsubdir', 'resource.txt'),
):
with self.subTest(path_parts=path_parts):
yield path_parts
def assertEndsWith(self, string, suffix):
"""Assert that `string` ends with `suffix`.
Used to ignore an architecture-specific UTF-16 byte-order mark."""
self.assertEqual(string[-len(suffix) :], suffix)
def test_read_text(self):
self.assertEqual(
resources.read_text(self.anchor01, 'utf-8.file'),
'Hello, UTF-8 world!\n',
)
self.assertEqual(
resources.read_text(
self.anchor02,
'subdirectory',
'subsubdir',
'resource.txt',
encoding='utf-8',
),
'a resource',
)
for path_parts in self._gen_resourcetxt_path_parts():
self.assertEqual(
resources.read_text(
self.anchor02,
*path_parts,
encoding='utf-8',
),
'a resource',
)
# Use generic OSError, since e.g. attempting to read a directory can
# fail with PermissionError rather than IsADirectoryError
with self.assertRaises(OSError):
resources.read_text(self.anchor01)
with self.assertRaises((OSError, resources.abc.TraversalError)):
resources.read_text(self.anchor01, 'no-such-file')
with self.assertRaises(UnicodeDecodeError):
resources.read_text(self.anchor01, 'utf-16.file')
self.assertEqual(
resources.read_text(
self.anchor01,
'binary.file',
encoding='latin1',
),
'\x00\x01\x02\x03',
)
self.assertEndsWith( # ignore the BOM
resources.read_text(
self.anchor01,
'utf-16.file',
errors='backslashreplace',
),
'Hello, UTF-16 world!\n'.encode('utf-16-le').decode(
errors='backslashreplace',
),
)
def test_read_binary(self):
self.assertEqual(
resources.read_binary(self.anchor01, 'utf-8.file'),
b'Hello, UTF-8 world!\n',
)
for path_parts in self._gen_resourcetxt_path_parts():
self.assertEqual(
resources.read_binary(self.anchor02, *path_parts),
b'a resource',
)
def test_open_text(self):
with resources.open_text(self.anchor01, 'utf-8.file') as f:
self.assertEqual(f.read(), 'Hello, UTF-8 world!\n')
for path_parts in self._gen_resourcetxt_path_parts():
with resources.open_text(
self.anchor02,
*path_parts,
encoding='utf-8',
) as f:
self.assertEqual(f.read(), 'a resource')
# Use generic OSError, since e.g. attempting to read a directory can
# fail with PermissionError rather than IsADirectoryError
with self.assertRaises(OSError):
resources.open_text(self.anchor01)
with self.assertRaises((OSError, resources.abc.TraversalError)):
resources.open_text(self.anchor01, 'no-such-file')
with resources.open_text(self.anchor01, 'utf-16.file') as f:
with self.assertRaises(UnicodeDecodeError):
f.read()
with resources.open_text(
self.anchor01,
'binary.file',
encoding='latin1',
) as f:
self.assertEqual(f.read(), '\x00\x01\x02\x03')
with resources.open_text(
self.anchor01,
'utf-16.file',
errors='backslashreplace',
) as f:
self.assertEndsWith( # ignore the BOM
f.read(),
'Hello, UTF-16 world!\n'.encode('utf-16-le').decode(
errors='backslashreplace',
),
)
def test_open_binary(self):
with resources.open_binary(self.anchor01, 'utf-8.file') as f:
self.assertEqual(f.read(), b'Hello, UTF-8 world!\n')
for path_parts in self._gen_resourcetxt_path_parts():
with resources.open_binary(
self.anchor02,
*path_parts,
) as f:
self.assertEqual(f.read(), b'a resource')
def test_path(self):
with resources.path(self.anchor01, 'utf-8.file') as path:
with open(str(path), encoding='utf-8') as f:
self.assertEqual(f.read(), 'Hello, UTF-8 world!\n')
with resources.path(self.anchor01) as path:
with open(os.path.join(path, 'utf-8.file'), encoding='utf-8') as f:
self.assertEqual(f.read(), 'Hello, UTF-8 world!\n')
def test_is_resource(self):
is_resource = resources.is_resource
self.assertTrue(is_resource(self.anchor01, 'utf-8.file'))
self.assertFalse(is_resource(self.anchor01, 'no_such_file'))
self.assertFalse(is_resource(self.anchor01))
self.assertFalse(is_resource(self.anchor01, 'subdirectory'))
for path_parts in self._gen_resourcetxt_path_parts():
self.assertTrue(is_resource(self.anchor02, *path_parts))
def test_contents(self):
with warnings_helper.check_warnings((".*contents.*", DeprecationWarning)):
c = resources.contents(self.anchor01)
self.assertGreaterEqual(
set(c),
{'utf-8.file', 'utf-16.file', 'binary.file', 'subdirectory'},
)
with (
self.assertRaises(OSError),
warnings_helper.check_warnings((
".*contents.*",
DeprecationWarning,
)),
):
list(resources.contents(self.anchor01, 'utf-8.file'))
for path_parts in self._gen_resourcetxt_path_parts():
with (
self.assertRaises((OSError, resources.abc.TraversalError)),
warnings_helper.check_warnings((
".*contents.*",
DeprecationWarning,
)),
):
list(resources.contents(self.anchor01, *path_parts))
with warnings_helper.check_warnings((".*contents.*", DeprecationWarning)):
c = resources.contents(self.anchor01, 'subdirectory')
self.assertGreaterEqual(
set(c),
{'binary.file'},
)
@warnings_helper.ignore_warnings(category=DeprecationWarning)
def test_common_errors(self):
for func in (
resources.read_text,
resources.read_binary,
resources.open_text,
resources.open_binary,
resources.path,
resources.is_resource,
resources.contents,
):
with self.subTest(func=func):
# Rejecting None anchor
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
func(None)
# Rejecting invalid anchor type
with self.assertRaises((TypeError, AttributeError)):
func(1234)
# Unknown module
with self.assertRaises(ModuleNotFoundError):
func('$missing module$')
def test_text_errors(self):
for func in (
resources.read_text,
resources.open_text,
):
with self.subTest(func=func):
# Multiple path arguments need explicit encoding argument.
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
func(
self.anchor02,
'subdirectory',
'subsubdir',
'resource.txt',
)
class FunctionalAPITest_StringAnchor_Disk(
StringAnchorMixin,
FunctionalAPIBase,
util.DiskSetup,
unittest.TestCase,
):
pass
class FunctionalAPITest_ModuleAnchor_Disk(
ModuleAnchorMixin,
FunctionalAPIBase,
util.DiskSetup,
unittest.TestCase,
):
pass
class FunctionalAPITest_StringAnchor_Memory(
StringAnchorMixin,
FunctionalAPIBase,
util.MemorySetup,
unittest.TestCase,
):
pass

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import unittest
import importlib_resources as resources
from . import util
class CommonBinaryTests(util.CommonTests, unittest.TestCase):
def execute(self, package, path):
target = resources.files(package).joinpath(path)
with target.open('rb'):
pass
class CommonTextTests(util.CommonTests, unittest.TestCase):
def execute(self, package, path):
target = resources.files(package).joinpath(path)
with target.open(encoding='utf-8'):
pass
class OpenTests:
def test_open_binary(self):
target = resources.files(self.data) / 'binary.file'
with target.open('rb') as fp:
result = fp.read()
self.assertEqual(result, bytes(range(4)))
def test_open_text_default_encoding(self):
target = resources.files(self.data) / 'utf-8.file'
with target.open(encoding='utf-8') as fp:
result = fp.read()
self.assertEqual(result, 'Hello, UTF-8 world!\n')
def test_open_text_given_encoding(self):
target = resources.files(self.data) / 'utf-16.file'
with target.open(encoding='utf-16', errors='strict') as fp:
result = fp.read()
self.assertEqual(result, 'Hello, UTF-16 world!\n')
def test_open_text_with_errors(self):
"""
Raises UnicodeError without the 'errors' argument.
"""
target = resources.files(self.data) / 'utf-16.file'
with target.open(encoding='utf-8', errors='strict') as fp:
self.assertRaises(UnicodeError, fp.read)
with target.open(encoding='utf-8', errors='ignore') as fp:
result = fp.read()
self.assertEqual(
result,
'H\x00e\x00l\x00l\x00o\x00,\x00 '
'\x00U\x00T\x00F\x00-\x001\x006\x00 '
'\x00w\x00o\x00r\x00l\x00d\x00!\x00\n\x00',
)
def test_open_binary_FileNotFoundError(self):
target = resources.files(self.data) / 'does-not-exist'
with self.assertRaises(FileNotFoundError):
target.open('rb')
def test_open_text_FileNotFoundError(self):
target = resources.files(self.data) / 'does-not-exist'
with self.assertRaises(FileNotFoundError):
target.open(encoding='utf-8')
class OpenDiskTests(OpenTests, util.DiskSetup, unittest.TestCase):
pass
class OpenDiskNamespaceTests(OpenTests, util.DiskSetup, unittest.TestCase):
MODULE = 'namespacedata01'
class OpenZipTests(OpenTests, util.ZipSetup, unittest.TestCase):
pass
class OpenNamespaceZipTests(OpenTests, util.ZipSetup, unittest.TestCase):
MODULE = 'namespacedata01'
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()

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import io
import pathlib
import unittest
import importlib_resources as resources
from . import util
class CommonTests(util.CommonTests, unittest.TestCase):
def execute(self, package, path):
with resources.as_file(resources.files(package).joinpath(path)):
pass
class PathTests:
def test_reading(self):
"""
Path should be readable and a pathlib.Path instance.
"""
target = resources.files(self.data) / 'utf-8.file'
with resources.as_file(target) as path:
self.assertIsInstance(path, pathlib.Path)
self.assertTrue(path.name.endswith("utf-8.file"), repr(path))
self.assertEqual('Hello, UTF-8 world!\n', path.read_text(encoding='utf-8'))
class PathDiskTests(PathTests, util.DiskSetup, unittest.TestCase):
def test_natural_path(self):
"""
Guarantee the internal implementation detail that
file-system-backed resources do not get the tempdir
treatment.
"""
target = resources.files(self.data) / 'utf-8.file'
with resources.as_file(target) as path:
assert 'data' in str(path)
class PathMemoryTests(PathTests, unittest.TestCase):
def setUp(self):
file = io.BytesIO(b'Hello, UTF-8 world!\n')
self.addCleanup(file.close)
self.data = util.create_package(
file=file, path=FileNotFoundError("package exists only in memory")
)
self.data.__spec__.origin = None
self.data.__spec__.has_location = False
class PathZipTests(PathTests, util.ZipSetup, unittest.TestCase):
def test_remove_in_context_manager(self):
"""
It is not an error if the file that was temporarily stashed on the
file system is removed inside the `with` stanza.
"""
target = resources.files(self.data) / 'utf-8.file'
with resources.as_file(target) as path:
path.unlink()
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()

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import unittest
from importlib import import_module
import importlib_resources as resources
from . import util
class CommonBinaryTests(util.CommonTests, unittest.TestCase):
def execute(self, package, path):
resources.files(package).joinpath(path).read_bytes()
class CommonTextTests(util.CommonTests, unittest.TestCase):
def execute(self, package, path):
resources.files(package).joinpath(path).read_text(encoding='utf-8')
class ReadTests:
def test_read_bytes(self):
result = resources.files(self.data).joinpath('binary.file').read_bytes()
self.assertEqual(result, bytes(range(4)))
def test_read_text_default_encoding(self):
result = (
resources.files(self.data)
.joinpath('utf-8.file')
.read_text(encoding='utf-8')
)
self.assertEqual(result, 'Hello, UTF-8 world!\n')
def test_read_text_given_encoding(self):
result = (
resources.files(self.data)
.joinpath('utf-16.file')
.read_text(encoding='utf-16')
)
self.assertEqual(result, 'Hello, UTF-16 world!\n')
def test_read_text_with_errors(self):
"""
Raises UnicodeError without the 'errors' argument.
"""
target = resources.files(self.data) / 'utf-16.file'
self.assertRaises(UnicodeError, target.read_text, encoding='utf-8')
result = target.read_text(encoding='utf-8', errors='ignore')
self.assertEqual(
result,
'H\x00e\x00l\x00l\x00o\x00,\x00 '
'\x00U\x00T\x00F\x00-\x001\x006\x00 '
'\x00w\x00o\x00r\x00l\x00d\x00!\x00\n\x00',
)
class ReadDiskTests(ReadTests, util.DiskSetup, unittest.TestCase):
pass
class ReadZipTests(ReadTests, util.ZipSetup, unittest.TestCase):
def test_read_submodule_resource(self):
submodule = import_module('data01.subdirectory')
result = resources.files(submodule).joinpath('binary.file').read_bytes()
self.assertEqual(result, bytes(range(4, 8)))
def test_read_submodule_resource_by_name(self):
result = (
resources.files('data01.subdirectory').joinpath('binary.file').read_bytes()
)
self.assertEqual(result, bytes(range(4, 8)))
class ReadNamespaceTests(ReadTests, util.DiskSetup, unittest.TestCase):
MODULE = 'namespacedata01'
class ReadNamespaceZipTests(ReadTests, util.ZipSetup, unittest.TestCase):
MODULE = 'namespacedata01'
def test_read_submodule_resource(self):
submodule = import_module('namespacedata01.subdirectory')
result = resources.files(submodule).joinpath('binary.file').read_bytes()
self.assertEqual(result, bytes(range(12, 16)))
def test_read_submodule_resource_by_name(self):
result = (
resources.files('namespacedata01.subdirectory')
.joinpath('binary.file')
.read_bytes()
)
self.assertEqual(result, bytes(range(12, 16)))
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()

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import os.path
import pathlib
import unittest
from importlib import import_module
from importlib_resources.readers import MultiplexedPath, NamespaceReader
from . import util
class MultiplexedPathTest(util.DiskSetup, unittest.TestCase):
MODULE = 'namespacedata01'
def setUp(self):
super().setUp()
self.folder = pathlib.Path(self.data.__path__[0])
self.data01 = pathlib.Path(self.load_fixture('data01').__file__).parent
self.data02 = pathlib.Path(self.load_fixture('data02').__file__).parent
def test_init_no_paths(self):
with self.assertRaises(FileNotFoundError):
MultiplexedPath()
def test_init_file(self):
with self.assertRaises(NotADirectoryError):
MultiplexedPath(self.folder / 'binary.file')
def test_iterdir(self):
contents = {path.name for path in MultiplexedPath(self.folder).iterdir()}
try:
contents.remove('__pycache__')
except (KeyError, ValueError):
pass
self.assertEqual(
contents, {'subdirectory', 'binary.file', 'utf-16.file', 'utf-8.file'}
)
def test_iterdir_duplicate(self):
contents = {
path.name for path in MultiplexedPath(self.folder, self.data01).iterdir()
}
for remove in ('__pycache__', '__init__.pyc'):
try:
contents.remove(remove)
except (KeyError, ValueError):
pass
self.assertEqual(
contents,
{'__init__.py', 'binary.file', 'subdirectory', 'utf-16.file', 'utf-8.file'},
)
def test_is_dir(self):
self.assertEqual(MultiplexedPath(self.folder).is_dir(), True)
def test_is_file(self):
self.assertEqual(MultiplexedPath(self.folder).is_file(), False)
def test_open_file(self):
path = MultiplexedPath(self.folder)
with self.assertRaises(FileNotFoundError):
path.read_bytes()
with self.assertRaises(FileNotFoundError):
path.read_text()
with self.assertRaises(FileNotFoundError):
path.open()
def test_join_path(self):
prefix = str(self.folder.parent)
path = MultiplexedPath(self.folder, self.data01)
self.assertEqual(
str(path.joinpath('binary.file'))[len(prefix) + 1 :],
os.path.join('namespacedata01', 'binary.file'),
)
sub = path.joinpath('subdirectory')
assert isinstance(sub, MultiplexedPath)
assert 'namespacedata01' in str(sub)
assert 'data01' in str(sub)
self.assertEqual(
str(path.joinpath('imaginary'))[len(prefix) + 1 :],
os.path.join('namespacedata01', 'imaginary'),
)
self.assertEqual(path.joinpath(), path)
def test_join_path_compound(self):
path = MultiplexedPath(self.folder)
assert not path.joinpath('imaginary/foo.py').exists()
def test_join_path_common_subdir(self):
prefix = str(self.data02.parent)
path = MultiplexedPath(self.data01, self.data02)
self.assertIsInstance(path.joinpath('subdirectory'), MultiplexedPath)
self.assertEqual(
str(path.joinpath('subdirectory', 'subsubdir'))[len(prefix) + 1 :],
os.path.join('data02', 'subdirectory', 'subsubdir'),
)
def test_repr(self):
self.assertEqual(
repr(MultiplexedPath(self.folder)),
f"MultiplexedPath('{self.folder}')",
)
def test_name(self):
self.assertEqual(
MultiplexedPath(self.folder).name,
os.path.basename(self.folder),
)
class NamespaceReaderTest(util.DiskSetup, unittest.TestCase):
MODULE = 'namespacedata01'
def test_init_error(self):
with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
NamespaceReader(['path1', 'path2'])
def test_resource_path(self):
namespacedata01 = import_module('namespacedata01')
reader = NamespaceReader(namespacedata01.__spec__.submodule_search_locations)
root = self.data.__path__[0]
self.assertEqual(
reader.resource_path('binary.file'), os.path.join(root, 'binary.file')
)
self.assertEqual(
reader.resource_path('imaginary'), os.path.join(root, 'imaginary')
)
def test_files(self):
reader = NamespaceReader(self.data.__spec__.submodule_search_locations)
root = self.data.__path__[0]
self.assertIsInstance(reader.files(), MultiplexedPath)
self.assertEqual(repr(reader.files()), f"MultiplexedPath('{root}')")
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()

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import unittest
from importlib import import_module
import importlib_resources as resources
from . import util
class ResourceTests:
# Subclasses are expected to set the `data` attribute.
def test_is_file_exists(self):
target = resources.files(self.data) / 'binary.file'
self.assertTrue(target.is_file())
def test_is_file_missing(self):
target = resources.files(self.data) / 'not-a-file'
self.assertFalse(target.is_file())
def test_is_dir(self):
target = resources.files(self.data) / 'subdirectory'
self.assertFalse(target.is_file())
self.assertTrue(target.is_dir())
class ResourceDiskTests(ResourceTests, util.DiskSetup, unittest.TestCase):
pass
class ResourceZipTests(ResourceTests, util.ZipSetup, unittest.TestCase):
pass
def names(traversable):
return {item.name for item in traversable.iterdir()}
class ResourceLoaderTests(util.DiskSetup, unittest.TestCase):
def test_resource_contents(self):
package = util.create_package(
file=self.data, path=self.data.__file__, contents=['A', 'B', 'C']
)
self.assertEqual(names(resources.files(package)), {'A', 'B', 'C'})
def test_is_file(self):
package = util.create_package(
file=self.data,
path=self.data.__file__,
contents=['A', 'B', 'C', 'D/E', 'D/F'],
)
self.assertTrue(resources.files(package).joinpath('B').is_file())
def test_is_dir(self):
package = util.create_package(
file=self.data,
path=self.data.__file__,
contents=['A', 'B', 'C', 'D/E', 'D/F'],
)
self.assertTrue(resources.files(package).joinpath('D').is_dir())
def test_resource_missing(self):
package = util.create_package(
file=self.data,
path=self.data.__file__,
contents=['A', 'B', 'C', 'D/E', 'D/F'],
)
self.assertFalse(resources.files(package).joinpath('Z').is_file())
class ResourceCornerCaseTests(util.DiskSetup, unittest.TestCase):
def test_package_has_no_reader_fallback(self):
"""
Test odd ball packages which:
# 1. Do not have a ResourceReader as a loader
# 2. Are not on the file system
# 3. Are not in a zip file
"""
module = util.create_package(
file=self.data, path=self.data.__file__, contents=['A', 'B', 'C']
)
# Give the module a dummy loader.
module.__loader__ = object()
# Give the module a dummy origin.
module.__file__ = '/path/which/shall/not/be/named'
module.__spec__.loader = module.__loader__
module.__spec__.origin = module.__file__
self.assertFalse(resources.files(module).joinpath('A').is_file())
class ResourceFromZipsTest01(util.ZipSetup, unittest.TestCase):
def test_is_submodule_resource(self):
submodule = import_module('data01.subdirectory')
self.assertTrue(resources.files(submodule).joinpath('binary.file').is_file())
def test_read_submodule_resource_by_name(self):
self.assertTrue(
resources.files('data01.subdirectory').joinpath('binary.file').is_file()
)
def test_submodule_contents(self):
submodule = import_module('data01.subdirectory')
self.assertEqual(
names(resources.files(submodule)), {'__init__.py', 'binary.file'}
)
def test_submodule_contents_by_name(self):
self.assertEqual(
names(resources.files('data01.subdirectory')),
{'__init__.py', 'binary.file'},
)
def test_as_file_directory(self):
with resources.as_file(resources.files('data01')) as data:
assert data.name == 'data01'
assert data.is_dir()
assert data.joinpath('subdirectory').is_dir()
assert len(list(data.iterdir()))
assert not data.parent.exists()
class ResourceFromZipsTest02(util.ZipSetup, unittest.TestCase):
MODULE = 'data02'
def test_unrelated_contents(self):
"""
Test thata zip with two unrelated subpackages return
distinct resources. Ref python/importlib_resources#44.
"""
self.assertEqual(
names(resources.files('data02.one')),
{'__init__.py', 'resource1.txt'},
)
self.assertEqual(
names(resources.files('data02.two')),
{'__init__.py', 'resource2.txt'},
)
class DeletingZipsTest(util.ZipSetup, unittest.TestCase):
"""Having accessed resources in a zip file should not keep an open
reference to the zip.
"""
def test_iterdir_does_not_keep_open(self):
[item.name for item in resources.files('data01').iterdir()]
def test_is_file_does_not_keep_open(self):
resources.files('data01').joinpath('binary.file').is_file()
def test_is_file_failure_does_not_keep_open(self):
resources.files('data01').joinpath('not-present').is_file()
@unittest.skip("Desired but not supported.")
def test_as_file_does_not_keep_open(self): # pragma: no cover
resources.as_file(resources.files('data01') / 'binary.file')
def test_entered_path_does_not_keep_open(self):
"""
Mimic what certifi does on import to make its bundle
available for the process duration.
"""
resources.as_file(resources.files('data01') / 'binary.file').__enter__()
def test_read_binary_does_not_keep_open(self):
resources.files('data01').joinpath('binary.file').read_bytes()
def test_read_text_does_not_keep_open(self):
resources.files('data01').joinpath('utf-8.file').read_text(encoding='utf-8')
class ResourceFromNamespaceTests:
def test_is_submodule_resource(self):
self.assertTrue(
resources.files(import_module('namespacedata01'))
.joinpath('binary.file')
.is_file()
)
def test_read_submodule_resource_by_name(self):
self.assertTrue(
resources.files('namespacedata01').joinpath('binary.file').is_file()
)
def test_submodule_contents(self):
contents = names(resources.files(import_module('namespacedata01')))
try:
contents.remove('__pycache__')
except KeyError:
pass
self.assertEqual(
contents, {'subdirectory', 'binary.file', 'utf-8.file', 'utf-16.file'}
)
def test_submodule_contents_by_name(self):
contents = names(resources.files('namespacedata01'))
try:
contents.remove('__pycache__')
except KeyError:
pass
self.assertEqual(
contents, {'subdirectory', 'binary.file', 'utf-8.file', 'utf-16.file'}
)
def test_submodule_sub_contents(self):
contents = names(resources.files(import_module('namespacedata01.subdirectory')))
try:
contents.remove('__pycache__')
except KeyError:
pass
self.assertEqual(contents, {'binary.file'})
def test_submodule_sub_contents_by_name(self):
contents = names(resources.files('namespacedata01.subdirectory'))
try:
contents.remove('__pycache__')
except KeyError:
pass
self.assertEqual(contents, {'binary.file'})
class ResourceFromNamespaceDiskTests(
util.DiskSetup,
ResourceFromNamespaceTests,
unittest.TestCase,
):
MODULE = 'namespacedata01'
class ResourceFromNamespaceZipTests(
util.ZipSetup,
ResourceFromNamespaceTests,
unittest.TestCase,
):
MODULE = 'namespacedata01'
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()

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import unittest
from .util import MemorySetup, Traversable
class TestMemoryTraversableImplementation(unittest.TestCase):
def test_concrete_methods_are_not_overridden(self):
"""`MemoryTraversable` must not override `Traversable` concrete methods.
This test is not an attempt to enforce a particular `Traversable` protocol;
it merely catches changes in the `Traversable` abstract/concrete methods
that have not been mirrored in the `MemoryTraversable` subclass.
"""
traversable_concrete_methods = {
method
for method, value in Traversable.__dict__.items()
if callable(value) and method not in Traversable.__abstractmethods__
}
memory_traversable_concrete_methods = {
method
for method, value in MemorySetup.MemoryTraversable.__dict__.items()
if callable(value) and not method.startswith("__")
}
overridden_methods = (
memory_traversable_concrete_methods & traversable_concrete_methods
)
assert not overridden_methods

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import abc
import contextlib
import functools
import importlib
import io
import pathlib
import sys
import types
from importlib.machinery import ModuleSpec
from ..abc import ResourceReader, Traversable, TraversableResources
from . import _path
from . import zip as zip_
from .compat.py39 import import_helper, os_helper
class Reader(ResourceReader):
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
vars(self).update(kwargs)
def get_resource_reader(self, package):
return self
def open_resource(self, path):
self._path = path
if isinstance(self.file, Exception):
raise self.file
return self.file
def resource_path(self, path_):
self._path = path_
if isinstance(self.path, Exception):
raise self.path
return self.path
def is_resource(self, path_):
self._path = path_
if isinstance(self.path, Exception):
raise self.path
def part(entry):
return entry.split('/')
return any(
len(parts) == 1 and parts[0] == path_ for parts in map(part, self._contents)
)
def contents(self):
if isinstance(self.path, Exception):
raise self.path
yield from self._contents
def create_package_from_loader(loader, is_package=True):
name = 'testingpackage'
module = types.ModuleType(name)
spec = ModuleSpec(name, loader, origin='does-not-exist', is_package=is_package)
module.__spec__ = spec
module.__loader__ = loader
return module
def create_package(file=None, path=None, is_package=True, contents=()):
return create_package_from_loader(
Reader(file=file, path=path, _contents=contents),
is_package,
)
class CommonTestsBase(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
"""
Tests shared by test_open, test_path, and test_read.
"""
@abc.abstractmethod
def execute(self, package, path):
"""
Call the pertinent legacy API function (e.g. open_text, path)
on package and path.
"""
def test_package_name(self):
"""
Passing in the package name should succeed.
"""
self.execute(self.data.__name__, 'utf-8.file')
def test_package_object(self):
"""
Passing in the package itself should succeed.
"""
self.execute(self.data, 'utf-8.file')
def test_string_path(self):
"""
Passing in a string for the path should succeed.
"""
path = 'utf-8.file'
self.execute(self.data, path)
def test_pathlib_path(self):
"""
Passing in a pathlib.PurePath object for the path should succeed.
"""
path = pathlib.PurePath('utf-8.file')
self.execute(self.data, path)
def test_importing_module_as_side_effect(self):
"""
The anchor package can already be imported.
"""
del sys.modules[self.data.__name__]
self.execute(self.data.__name__, 'utf-8.file')
def test_missing_path(self):
"""
Attempting to open or read or request the path for a
non-existent path should succeed if open_resource
can return a viable data stream.
"""
bytes_data = io.BytesIO(b'Hello, world!')
package = create_package(file=bytes_data, path=FileNotFoundError())
self.execute(package, 'utf-8.file')
self.assertEqual(package.__loader__._path, 'utf-8.file')
def test_extant_path(self):
# Attempting to open or read or request the path when the
# path does exist should still succeed. Does not assert
# anything about the result.
bytes_data = io.BytesIO(b'Hello, world!')
# any path that exists
path = __file__
package = create_package(file=bytes_data, path=path)
self.execute(package, 'utf-8.file')
self.assertEqual(package.__loader__._path, 'utf-8.file')
def test_useless_loader(self):
package = create_package(file=FileNotFoundError(), path=FileNotFoundError())
with self.assertRaises(FileNotFoundError):
self.execute(package, 'utf-8.file')
fixtures = dict(
data01={
'__init__.py': '',
'binary.file': bytes(range(4)),
'utf-16.file': '\ufeffHello, UTF-16 world!\n'.encode('utf-16-le'),
'utf-8.file': 'Hello, UTF-8 world!\n'.encode('utf-8'),
'subdirectory': {
'__init__.py': '',
'binary.file': bytes(range(4, 8)),
},
},
data02={
'__init__.py': '',
'one': {'__init__.py': '', 'resource1.txt': 'one resource'},
'two': {'__init__.py': '', 'resource2.txt': 'two resource'},
'subdirectory': {'subsubdir': {'resource.txt': 'a resource'}},
},
namespacedata01={
'binary.file': bytes(range(4)),
'utf-16.file': '\ufeffHello, UTF-16 world!\n'.encode('utf-16-le'),
'utf-8.file': 'Hello, UTF-8 world!\n'.encode('utf-8'),
'subdirectory': {
'binary.file': bytes(range(12, 16)),
},
},
)
class ModuleSetup:
def setUp(self):
self.fixtures = contextlib.ExitStack()
self.addCleanup(self.fixtures.close)
self.fixtures.enter_context(import_helper.isolated_modules())
self.data = self.load_fixture(self.MODULE)
def load_fixture(self, module):
self.tree_on_path({module: fixtures[module]})
return importlib.import_module(module)
class ZipSetup(ModuleSetup):
MODULE = 'data01'
def tree_on_path(self, spec):
temp_dir = self.fixtures.enter_context(os_helper.temp_dir())
modules = pathlib.Path(temp_dir) / 'zipped modules.zip'
self.fixtures.enter_context(
import_helper.DirsOnSysPath(str(zip_.make_zip_file(spec, modules)))
)
class DiskSetup(ModuleSetup):
MODULE = 'data01'
def tree_on_path(self, spec):
temp_dir = self.fixtures.enter_context(os_helper.temp_dir())
_path.build(spec, pathlib.Path(temp_dir))
self.fixtures.enter_context(import_helper.DirsOnSysPath(temp_dir))
class MemorySetup(ModuleSetup):
"""Support loading a module in memory."""
MODULE = 'data01'
def load_fixture(self, module):
self.fixtures.enter_context(self.augment_sys_metapath(module))
return importlib.import_module(module)
@contextlib.contextmanager
def augment_sys_metapath(self, module):
finder_instance = self.MemoryFinder(module)
sys.meta_path.append(finder_instance)
yield
sys.meta_path.remove(finder_instance)
class MemoryFinder(importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder):
def __init__(self, module):
self._module = module
def find_spec(self, fullname, path, target=None):
if fullname != self._module:
return None
return importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec(
name=fullname,
loader=MemorySetup.MemoryLoader(self._module),
is_package=True,
)
class MemoryLoader(importlib.abc.Loader):
def __init__(self, module):
self._module = module
def exec_module(self, module):
pass
def get_resource_reader(self, fullname):
return MemorySetup.MemoryTraversableResources(self._module, fullname)
class MemoryTraversableResources(TraversableResources):
def __init__(self, module, fullname):
self._module = module
self._fullname = fullname
def files(self):
return MemorySetup.MemoryTraversable(self._module, self._fullname)
class MemoryTraversable(Traversable):
"""Implement only the abstract methods of `Traversable`.
Besides `.__init__()`, no other methods may be implemented or overridden.
This is critical for validating the concrete `Traversable` implementations.
"""
def __init__(self, module, fullname):
self._module = module
self._fullname = fullname
def _resolve(self):
"""
Fully traverse the `fixtures` dictionary.
This should be wrapped in a `try/except KeyError`
but it is not currently needed and lowers the code coverage numbers.
"""
path = pathlib.PurePosixPath(self._fullname)
return functools.reduce(lambda d, p: d[p], path.parts, fixtures)
def iterdir(self):
directory = self._resolve()
if not isinstance(directory, dict):
# Filesystem openers raise OSError, and that exception is mirrored here.
raise OSError(f"{self._fullname} is not a directory")
for path in directory:
yield MemorySetup.MemoryTraversable(
self._module, f"{self._fullname}/{path}"
)
def is_dir(self) -> bool:
return isinstance(self._resolve(), dict)
def is_file(self) -> bool:
return not self.is_dir()
def open(self, mode='r', encoding=None, errors=None, *_, **__):
contents = self._resolve()
if isinstance(contents, dict):
# Filesystem openers raise OSError when attempting to open a directory,
# and that exception is mirrored here.
raise OSError(f"{self._fullname} is a directory")
if isinstance(contents, str):
contents = contents.encode("utf-8")
result = io.BytesIO(contents)
if "b" in mode:
return result
return io.TextIOWrapper(result, encoding=encoding, errors=errors)
@property
def name(self):
return pathlib.PurePosixPath(self._fullname).name
class CommonTests(DiskSetup, CommonTestsBase):
pass

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"""
Generate zip test data files.
"""
import zipfile
import zipp
def make_zip_file(tree, dst):
"""
Zip the files in tree into a new zipfile at dst.
"""
with zipfile.ZipFile(dst, 'w') as zf:
for name, contents in walk(tree):
zf.writestr(name, contents)
zipp.CompleteDirs.inject(zf)
return dst
def walk(tree, prefix=''):
for name, contents in tree.items():
if isinstance(contents, dict):
yield from walk(contents, prefix=f'{prefix}{name}/')
else:
yield f'{prefix}{name}', contents